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{{Infobox Automobile
| image = [[Image:Lamborghini Countach LP500S.jpg|250px|Lamborghini Countach LP500S]]
| name = Lamborghini Countach
| manufacturer = [[Lamborghini]]
| parent_company = independent (1974&ndash;1977)<br/>Italian government (1977&ndash;1984)<br/>independent (1984&ndash;1987)<br/>[[Chrysler Corporation]] (1987&ndash;1990)
| aka =
| production = 1974&ndash;1989<br/>(2,042 produced)
| assembly = [[Sant'Agata Bolognese]], [[Italy]]
| predecessor = [[Lamborghini Miura]]
| successor = [[Lamborghini Diablo]]
| class = [[Sports car]]
| body_style = 2-door [[coupé]]
| layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]]
| platform =
| engine = 4.0&nbsp;L (3929&nbsp;cc) [[V12 engine|V12]]<br/>5.0&nbsp;L (4754&nbsp;cc) V12<br/>5.2&nbsp;L (5167&nbsp;cc) V12
| transmission =
| wheelbase =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| weight =
| fuel_capacity =
| related =
| designer =
}}
The '''Lamborghini Countach''' was a [[Mid-engine design|mid-engined]] [[sports car]] produced by Italian automaker [[Lamborghini]] from 1974 to 1989. Its design both pioneered and popularized the wedge-shaped, sharply angled look popular in many high performance sports cars.  The "cabin-forward" design concept, which pushes the passenger compartment forward in order to accommodate a larger engine, was also popularized by the Countach.

In 2004, ''[[Sports Car International]]'' named this car number three on the list of [[Sports Car International Top Sports Cars|Top Sports Cars of the 1970s]], and it was listed as number ten on their list of [[Sports Car International Top Sports Cars|Top Sports Cars of the 1980s]].

==Name==
The word {{Audio|Ipa-countach.ogg|''countach''}} ({{pronounced|kunˈtɑʧ}}) is an exclamation of astonishment in the local [[Piedmontese language]] — generally used by men on seeing an extremely beautiful woman.<ref name="lamboregLP500">[http://www.lamborghiniregistry.com/Countach/CountachLP500/ Countach LP500]</ref> While the term is often considered [[untranslatable]] into English, it is essentially equivalent to the British [[lager lout]] verbalization "Phwoar".<ref>[[Top Gear (series 3)|Top Gear Season 3 Episode 4]]</ref> Or, it can also be considered the verbal equivalent of a [[wolf-whistle]].

The Countach name stuck when [[Nuccio Bertone]] first saw "Project 112" in his studio. The prototype was introduced to the world at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show.  Most previous Lamborghini car names were associated with bulls and [[bullfighting]].

==Styling==
[[Image:Lamborghini Countach.png|thumb|left|250px|A Lamborghini Countach LP500 viewed from the top to show its futuristic styling.]]
The Countach was styled by [[Marcello Gandini]] of the [[Bertone]] design studio, the same designer and studio that designed the [[Lamborghini Miura|Miura]]. Gandini was then a young, inexperienced designer&mdash;not very experienced in the practical, ergonomic aspects of automobile design, but at the same time unhindered by them. He produced a quite striking design. The Countach shape was wide and low (42.1 inches), but not very long. Its angular and wedge-shaped body was made almost entirely of flat, [[trapezoid]]al panels. There were curves, notably the smoothly coke-bottle wing line, but the overall appearance was sharp.

The doors, a Countach trademark, were of a 'scissors' fashion&mdash;hinged at the front with horizontal hinges, so that the doors lifted up and tilted forwards. This was partly for style, but just as much because the width of the car made conventional doors impossible to use in an even slightly confined space. Care needed to be taken, though, in opening the doors with a low roof overhead. (With the car's poor rear visibility and wide sills, this led to drivers adopting a method of reversing the car for parking by opening the door, sitting on the sill and reversing while looking over the back of the car from outside.)

Aerodynamics, however, were still unfortunately unable to match the sleek looks of the car.

The pure style of the prototype was progressively enhanced or cluttered (depending on one's point of view) by the evolution of the car to improve its performance, handling, tractability, and ability to meet mandated requirements.  This began with the first production model, which included several vents which were found to be necessary to cool the engine adequately.  These included the iconic [[NACA duct]] on the door and rear fender of each side of the car.  The car design changes ended with a large engine vent directly behind the driver, reducing the rearview. Later additions, including fender flares, spoilers, carburetor covers, and bumpers, progressively changed the aesthetic values of the car.

The Countach's styling and visual impression caused it to become an icon of great design to almost everyone except automotive engineers.  The superior performance characteristics of later Lamborghini models (such as the [[Lamborghini Diablo|Diablo]], or the [[Lamborghini Murciélago|Murciélago]]) appealed to performance car drivers and engineers, but they never had the originality or outrageousness that gave the Countach its distinction.  The different impressions left by the various Lamborghini models have generated numerous debates and disagreements over what constitutes 'classic' or 'great' automotive design (elegant looks and style, vs. technical and engineering superiority).

==Engine==
[[Image:Lamborghini Countach Engine2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Engine]]
The rear wheels were driven by a traditional [[Lamborghini V12]] engine mounted longitudinally with a [[Mid-engine design|mid-engined]] configuration.  For better weight distribution, the engine is pointed 'backwards'; the output shaft is at the front, and the gearbox is in front of the engine, the driveshaft running back through the [[Internal combustion engine|engine's]] sump to a differential at the rear.  Although originally planned as a 5&nbsp;liter powerplant, the first production cars used the [[Lamborghini Miura]]'s 4&nbsp;liter engine.  Later advances increased the displacement to 5&nbsp;liters and then (in the "Quattrovalvole" model) 5.2&nbsp;L with four valves per cylinder.

All Lamborghini Countaches were equipped with six Weber carburetors until the arrival of the 5000QV model, at which time the car became available in America, and used [[Bosch]] K-Jetronic [[fuel injection]]. The European models, however, continued to use the carburetors until the arrival of the [[Lamborghini Diablo]], which replaced the legendary Countach.

==Construction==
The Countach used a skin of aircraft-grade aluminum over a tubular [[space frame]], as in a [[racing car]]. This is expensive to build but is immensely strong and very light (in spite of its size, the car weighs approximately 1500&nbsp;kg (3300&nbsp;lb)). The underbody tray was fiberglass.

==Countach models==
===Prototype LP500===<!-- This section is linked from [[Lamborghini]] -->
A single prototype was built, the LP500 <ref name=lamboregLP500 /> (the 500 standing for the 5&nbsp;L displacement of the engine which was intended to be used). Painted bright sunflower yellow, the car was a stunner at the [[Geneva Motor Show]] in 1971.  Sporting Gandini's original design concepts, the car's design needed extensive modification for production. In particular, the small air intake ducts on the car's rear shoulders proved insufficient to cool the engine, and large 'air box' scoops were added in that position. Large [[NACA duct]]s were added on the sides to give additional air. The experimental car was also constructed of aluminum honeycomb sheeting among other things, which was dropped for production.

The car did not survive; it was sacrificed in a crash test to gain European type approval, even though its construction method was utterly unlike production vehicles.

===LP400===<!-- This section is linked from [[Lamborghini]] -->
[[Image:Lamborghini Countach(front-side).jpg|thumb|200px|left|LP400 front-side]]
[[Image:Lamborghini Countach(rear-side).jpg|thumb|200px|right|LP400 rear-side]]
The Countach entered production as the LP400 with a 4.0-litre engine.  The first production Countach was delivered to an [[Australia]]n in 1974. The first recorded person to own the LP400 was D. Milne, who was a member of the Australian Defence Force Transport Corps.  Externally, little had altered from the final form of the prototype except at the rear, where conventional lights replaced the futuristic light clusters of the prototype. The styling had become rather more aggressive than Gandini's original conception, with the required large air scoops and vents to keep the car from overheating, but the overall shape was still very sleek. The original LP400 rode on the quite narrow tires of the time, but their narrowness and the slick styling meant that this version had the lowest drag coefficient of any Countach model and possibly the highest top speed.  
Many people like the looks of this clean, fresh original model the most of all the Countach variants, and indeed it is simple, with smooth lines and few decorations.  Even the emblems at the rear simply read "lamborghini" and "Countach", with no engine displacement or valve arrangement clutter as is found on more modern cars.

===LP400S===
<!--[[Image:1121034-b.jpg|thumb|180px|left|LP400S Front]]
[[Image:1121034-rear.jpg|thumb|180px|Right|LP400S Rear]]-->

In 1978, a new LP400S model was introduced.  Though the engine was slightly upgraded from the LP400 model, the most radical changes were in the exterior, where the tires were replaced with much wider Pirelli P7 units, and fiberglass wheel arch extensions were added, giving the car the fundamental look it kept until the end of its production run. An optional V-shaped spoiler was available over the rear deck, which, while improving high-speed stability, reduced the top speed by at least 10 [[Miles per hour|MPH]]. Most owners ordered the wing.  The handling of the LP400S was improved by the wider tires which made the car more stable in cornering. Aesthetically, some prefer the slick lines of the original while others prefer the more aggressive lines of the later models, beginning with the LP400S.  The standard emblems ("Lamborghini" and "Countach") were kept at the rear, but an angular "S" emblem was added after the "Countach" on the right side.

There are three distinct Countach LP400S Series.

Series One - The first 50 cars delivered with Campagnolo "Bravo" wheels in 1978 & 79. The very early 1978 cars had the original LP400 steering wheel. Small Stewart Warner gauges, 45mm carburettors and a lowered suspension (lowbody) setting is a trademark feature of this celebrated first series. Halfway through 1979's production, bigger gauges were employed. 50 cars were built and the last one is noted to be 1121100*

Series Two - These cars are recognized by their smooth finish dished/concave wheels, and still retain the lowbody setting. 105 cars were built and the last one is noted to be 1121310*.

Series Three - It is claimed that from chassis number 1121312 onwards, the cockpit space available was raised by 3cm. These cars are recognized by their raised suspension setting. 82 cars were built, and the last one is noted to be 1121468*

===LP500S===
[[Image:Countachgold.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Lamborghini Countach 500S]]
1982 saw another improvement, this time giving a bigger, more powerful 5&nbsp;litre engine, which improved performance to be more in line with Lamborghini's somewhat exaggerated claims. The bodywork was unaltered.  This version of the car is sometimes called the LP5000S, which may cause confusion with the later 5000QV (next section).

===5000QV===
In 1985 the engine was improved again, bored and stroked to 5.2&nbsp;litres and given four valves per cylinder (''quattrovalvole'' in Italian). The [[carburettor]]s were moved from the sides to the top of the engine for better breathing - unfortunately this created a hump on the engine deck, reducing the already poor rear visibility to almost nothing. Some body panels were also replaced by Kevlar.  In later versions of the engine, the carburettors were replaced with fuel-injection.

For the first time, a US specification model was produced by the factory, with styling changes to allow bumpers to meet US federal standards (large, bulky bumpers were used that, to many people, ruined the smooth lines of the car).  Although this change was the most notable on the exterior, the most prominent change under the hood was the use of [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] K-[[Jetronic]] fuel injection, rather than the six Weber carburettors used in the Euro-spec model.  The 1985 US model had a base price of $99,500.  Only two optional extras were available: a $5,500 aerodynamic spoiler and a $7,500 sound system. Many models were sold with both options.

===25th Anniversary Countach===
{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image          = [[Image:Lamborghini Countach silver 25 Years Edition hl TCE.jpg|250px]]
| name           = '''25th Anniversary''' Countach
| production     = 1988-1990<br/>658 produced
| length         = 4140&nbsp;mm (163&nbsp;in)
| wheelbase      = 2500&nbsp;mm (98&nbsp;in)
| width          = 2000&nbsp;mm (79&nbsp;in)
| track          = 1536&nbsp;mm (''front'')<br>1606&nbsp;mm (''rear'')
| height         = 1070&nbsp;mm (36&nbsp;in)
| weight         = 1490&nbsp;kg (3285&nbsp;lb)
| engine         = 5.2&nbsp;L (5167&nbsp;cc) [[V12]]
}}

Named to honor the company's 25 year anniversary in 1988, the 25th Anniversary Countach was mechanically very similar to the 5000QV but sported much changed styling. The rear 'air boxes' were restyled and enlarged, while the vents behind them were changed so that they ran front to back instead of side to side.  In addition, a new air dam and side skirting, both with air intakes, were fitted, and the taillights were restyled to be narrower, with body-colored panels replacing the upper and lower parts of the previous large taillights.  The styling changes were unpopular with many, particularly since the intakes  had strakes in them that appeared to mimic those on the [[Ferrari Testarossa]], but they improved the engine's cooling, a problem the Countach had always struggled with. It also featured 345/35R15 tires; the widest tires available on a production car at the time. The Anniversary was produced through 1990 when it was replaced by the [[Lamborghini Diablo]].

===Walter Wolf Countach===
In 1975, [[Walter Wolf (industrialist)|Walter Wolf]], a wealthy Canadian businessman and owner of the [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf F1 Racing team]] in the 1970s, purchased an LP400; however, he was not satisfied with the LP400's engine and asked Dallara, the chief engineer of Lamborghini at that time and the founder of the Italian F1 racing team Scuderia Italia in the early 1990s, to create a special high-power version of Countach. It was the "code NO 1120148" Walter Wolf special with the original "5" engine from the Countach prototype which produced 447 hp / 7900 rpm and reached a supposed maximum speed of 315 km/h (195.7 mph). This model also featured the upgraded wheels, Pirelli P7 tires, large fender flares, and front and rear spoilers of the LP400S model.  It was painted in red, with black fender flares, and was designated "LP500S" like the standard Countach model from the 1980s, and was the stepping stone that led to this later production model. This first Walter Wolf car is currently located in Japan.  Two other Wolf Countaches were produced, one painted blue, NO 1120202 (currently in Germany) and one navy blue, NO 1121210. (This machine was owned by Mr. Wolf for a long time, but was eventually sold.)

==Production figures==
A total of 2,042 cars were built during the Countach's sixteen year lifetime:

{| class="wikitable"
 | style="background:#CCCCCC;text-align:center" | '''prototype'''
 | style="background:#CCCCCC;text-align:center" | '''LP400'''
 | style="background:#CCCCCC;text-align:center" | '''LP400S'''
 | style="background:#CCCCCC;text-aligdcasdcascn:center" | '''LP500S'''
 | style="background:#CCCCCC;text-align:center" | '''LP5000QV'''
 | style="background:#CCCCCC;text-align:center" | '''25 Anniversary'''
 |-
 | align="center" | 1
 | align="center" | 157
 | align="center" | 237
 | align="center" | 321
 | align="center" | 676
 | align="center" | 650
 |}

Substantially more than half were built in the final five years of production, as Lamborghini's new corporate owners increased production.

==Countach replicas==
In 1984 Rod Ladret of Ladret Design Studio located in Alberta Canada began producing and marketing a replica of the Countach. The form for the kit was sculpted from plaster and then a fiberglass mold was made of the form. The kits and cars Ladret design Studio built included a tube frame chassis with an American V8 power plant.  Ladret Design Studio built 141 of these replicas and the industrial clients who purchased his fiberglass forms have built several thousand over the past two decades. As of 2007 there are still several companies building kits based on Ladret's forms built in 1984. In 1993 Ladret ceased manufacturing the Countach replica and moved on to other projects.

From around 1985 until the late 1990s several companies replicated the Countach to various degrees of success. In 1985, Gary Thompson and Pete Jackson hired a real Countach from an up-market Manchester car hire company and took a glass fiber mold of it. This mold resulted in a number of UK-based manufacturers producing their own Countach replicas. A few were able to produce remarkably good replicas, including Paul Lawrenson of Prova Cars, Alan Booth of Sienna Cars, Phil Cheetham of Mirage replicas, and Brightwheel replicas. Ultimately, none of these companies survived.

==References==
{{reflist|1}}


{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[Fastest production car|Fastest street-legal production car]]|before=[[Lamborghini Miura|Lamborghini Miura P400SV]]|after=[[Ferrari 288 GTO]]|years= {{convert|320|km/h|mi/h|1|abbr=on}} }}
{{end box}}

{{Lamborghini early timeline}}
{{Lamborghini modern timeline}}
{{Lamborghini}}

[[Category:Lamborghini vehicles|Countach]]
[[Category:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sports cars]]
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]